Meaning and history
Artaxerxes is the Greek form of the Old Persian name 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (Artaxšaça), meaning “reign through truth,” from 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (arta), “truth,” and 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaçam), “reign” or “kingdom.” It was the name of several Achaemenid Persian rulers and was also borne by the founder of the Sasanian Empire, usually known by the Middle Persian form Ardashir.